Step-by-Step Strategy:

1. Choose a topic that can be developed by posing the questions about facts that a reporter would ask. This method is often called the 5w-how approach.
2. Ask students to read the material about the main topic and take notes on it using columns labeled who, what, when, where, why, and how.
3. After the students have finished reading, enter the main topic in the Concept/Event drum (center of map) and display the graphic organizer.
4. Direct students to the boxes in the map. Conduct a group brainstorming session in which students use their notes to answer the 5w-how questions while you enter their input on the map.
5. At the end of the group discussion, ask students to write a one-sentence summary of the details in each box.

Differentiated Instruction: Lesson 1

• To help struggling students organize their notes as they read, have them each set up columns labeled who, what, when, where, why, and how. Ask them to enter at least one entry under each column as they read. When students have finished reading, ask volunteers to contribute examples from their charts for group discussion.

1. Give students an assignment to write a paper developing a topic by using the 5w-how approach.
2. Using the graphic organizer, fill in the Concept/Event drum with the topic to be developed. Add the who detail in the proper box.
3. Conduct a group brainstorming session in which students identify and you list the details for each of the other 5W-how boxes on the map. Ask students which of the boxes has the most important information.
4. Have students identify possible thesis or main idea statements based on the topic in the Concept/Event drum.
5. Give them the following format for their paper. 
   • Introduce the thesis or main idea. 
   • Develop the paper using the 5w-how details in the order of most important to least important information. 
   • Summarize the impact of the 5w-how points.

1. Concept/Event Map

Step-by-Step Strategy

1. Choose a topic that can be developed through finding a cause and its effect.
2. Ask students to read the material about the topic and take notes on it.
3. After students have finished reading, enter the cause on the graphic organizer and display it for the students.
4. Conduct a group brainstorming session in which students identify and you list the effects. Make sure the effects students choose actually relate to the cause.
5. At the end of the group discussion, ask students to write a one- or two-sentence summary of the cause and its effect or effects.

Step-by-Step Strategy

1. Give students the assignment to use cause and effect to write a news bulletin about an event. Tell students that frequently a teaser for the 10:00 PM news begins with an effect.
2. Use the graphic organizer to model the Cause and Effect Diagram with the topic you have assigned or with a different example.
3. Conduct a group brainstorming session in which students identify and you list the cause and effect(s). Make sure the effects students choose actually relate to the cause.
4. Give students the following format for their bulletin.
   • Write an attention-getting sentence that states the effect.
   • Continue the bulletin by showing the cause of the event.
   • Give details of the cause and its effect.
   • Summarize the cause and effect.

Differentiated Instruction: Lesson 2

• For struggling students, videotape several examples of teasers for newscasts. These teasers should state an effect and create interest in the possible cause. Assign regular or advanced students to watch teasers and news programs for a few days and take notes on one teaser. They should identify how it grabs viewers’ attention. Have students share their examples in class.

Borang PG: Cause and Effect

1. Cause and Effect Chart
2. Cause and Effect 1
3. Cause and Effect 2
4. Cause and Effect 3
5. Cause and Effect 4